Red eyes – a comprehensive guide

Red eyes, a common condition characterized by redness of the white part of the eye, can be caused by various factors. The condition is often the result of vascular irritation, dilated blood vessels, and may or may not be accompanied by pain, itching or discharge. In this article we will delve into the causes of red eyes and examine treatment options for red eyes to help alleviate the symptoms and prevent further complications.

Causes red eyes

1. Allergies

Allergic reactions, often triggered by pollen, dust, pet dander, or specific medications, can lead to red, itchy, watery eyes. The body’s immune system produces histamines in response to these allergens, which causes the blood vessels in the eyes to dilate, resulting in redness.

2. Dry eyes

The tear film, a mixture of water, fats and mucus, is essential for lubricating the eyes and maintaining sharp vision. Dry eyes occur when the tear glands do not produce enough tears or when the tear film evaporates too quickly, causing inflammation and redness.

3. Conjunctivitis

Also known as pink eye, conjunctivitis is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye. Bacterial or viral infections, allergies, and chemical irritants can cause conjunctivitis, leading to red, itchy, and sometimes discharge-producing eyes.

4. Subconjunctival bleeding

This condition occurs when a small blood vessel under the conjunctiva ruptures, causing blood to collect between the conjunctiva and the sclera. Although it can cause a bright red spot on the white of the eye, subconjunctival bleeding is usually painless and harmless.

5. Irritation from contact lenses

Wearing contact lenses for extended periods, using inappropriate lenses, or not cleaning and storing them properly can cause eye irritation and redness. Protein deposits, bacteria or allergens on the lens can also trigger inflammation.

6. Corneal scratch

A scratch on the cornea is a scratch on the transparent and protective outer layer of the eye (the cornea). Common causes include foreign particles, contact lenses, and accidental eye rubbing. Symptoms include redness, pain, tearing and sensitivity to light.

7. Glaucoma

Acute angle-closure glaucoma, a medical emergency, occurs when the fluid inside the eye cannot drain properly, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. Symptoms include severe eye pain, redness, blurred vision and nausea.

8. Uveitis

Inflammation of the uvea (the middle layer of the eye) is known as uveitis. This condition can be caused by infections, autoimmune disorders, or trauma, and may lead to redness, pain, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light.

Red eye treatment options

Treatment for red eyes depends on the underlying cause. Here are some general recommendations:

1. Allergies

Over-the-counter antihistamine eye drops or oral antihistamines can help relieve redness and itching caused by allergies. It is also essential to avoid allergens whenever possible.

2. Dry eyes

Artificial tears, available without a prescription, can help lubricate the eyes and relieve redness caused by dryness. If the problem persists, consult an ophthalmologist for further evaluation and treatment. There are also advanced treatments for dry eyes in clinics that specialize in the disease.

3. Conjunctivitis

For bacterial conjunctivitis, a doctor may prescribe antibiotic eye drops or ointments. Viral conjunctivitis usually clears up on its own within a few weeks, but cool compresses and artificial tears can help relieve symptoms in the meantime. For allergic conjunctivitis, it is recommended to use antihistamine eye drops and avoid allergens.

4. Subconjunctival bleeding

In most cases, there is no need to treat subconjunctival bleeding, as it usually goes away on its own within one to two weeks. However, if the condition recurs or is caused by an underlying problem, such as high blood pressure, consult a medical professional for further evaluation.

5. Irritation from contact lenses

Taking a break from wearing contact lenses, cleaning and storing them properly, and making sure they fit properly can help relieve redness caused by contact lens irritation. If the problem persists, consult an eye doctor, who may recommend switching to a different type or brand of lenses.

6. Corneal scratch

Minor corneal abrasions usually heal on their own within 48-72 hours. However, it is essential to consult an ophthalmologist for an accurate diagnosis and treatment recommendations. They may prescribe antibiotic eye drops or ointments to prevent infection and ointment eye drops to promote healing.

7. Glaucoma

Acute angle-closure glaucoma is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment to prevent permanent vision loss. Treatment options may include medications to lower intraocular pressure, laser therapy, or surgery. If glaucoma is suspected, seek immediate medical attention.

8. Uveitis

The treatment of uveitis depends on the cause and the severity of the condition. A health care professional may prescribe corticosteroid eye drops to reduce inflammation, antibiotics or antiviral medications to treat infections, or immunosuppressants for autoimmune-related cases.

Prevention and when to see a doctor

To prevent red eyes, consider the following tips:

1. Observe eye hygiene and avoid touching your eyes with dirty hands.

2. Protect your eyes from irritants and allergens by wearing sunglasses and avoiding exposure to smoke, dust or chemicals.

3. Take regular breaks from screens to reduce eye strain and dryness.

4. Make sure your contact lenses are clean, well fitted and bandaged according to your eye doctor’s recommendations.

Consult a medical professional if you experience any of the following symptoms:

1. Severe eye pain or sudden changes in vision

2. Persistent redness does not improve with self-treatment measures

3. Discharge, membrane or pus around the eyes

4. Sensitivity to light or halos around lights

5. Signs of infection, such as fever or swollen lymph nodes

Summary

Red eyes can be caused by a variety of reasons, including allergies, dryness, infections, and more serious conditions such as glaucoma or uveitis. Identifying the cause is essential for determining the appropriate treatment and preventing complications. Practicing eye hygiene and seeking medical attention when necessary can help maintain optimal eye health and avoid red eyes.